0G
0G, also known as Mobile radio telephone, are the systems that preceded modern cellular
mobile telephony technology.
1G (or
1-G) refers to the first generation of wireless telephone technology (mobile telecommunications).
These are the analog telecommunications
standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued until being replaced
by 2G digital
telecommunications. The main difference between the two mobile
telephone systems (1G and 2G), is that the radio signals used by 1G networks
are analog, while 2G networks are digital.
2G
2G (or 2-G) provide three primary
benefits over their predecessors: phone conversations were digitally encrypted;
2G systems were significantly more efficient on the spectrum allowing for far
greater mobile phone penetration levels; and 2G introduced data services for
mobile, starting with SMS(Short
Message Service) plain text-based messages. 2G technologies enabled the various
mobile phone networks to provide the services such as text messages, picture
messages and MMS (Multimedia Message Service). It has 3 main services :
Bearer services is one of them which is also known as data services.
All text messages sent over 2G are digitally encrypted,
allowing for the transfer of data in such a way that only the intended receiver
can receive and read it.
Second generation 2G cellular telecom networks were
commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) in 1991.[1]
3G technology
provide an information transfer rate of at least 200 kbit/s.
Later 3G releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G,
also provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers. This ensures it
can be applied to wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed
wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV technologies.
A new generation of cellular standards has appeared
approximately every tenth year since 1G systems were introduced in 1981/1982.
Each generation is characterized by new frequency bands, higher data rates and
non–backward-compatible transmission technology. The first 3G networks were
introduced in 1998 and fourth generation 4G networks in 2008.
3.5G is
a grouping of disparate mobile telephony and data technologies
designed to provide better performance than 3G systems, as an interim step towards
deployment of full 4G capability. The technology includes:
·
3GPP Long Term
Evolution, precursor of LTE Advanced
4G provides, in addition to the usual
voice and other services of 3G, mobile broadband Internet access, for example
to laptops with wireless modems, to smartphones, and to other mobile devices.
Potential and current applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D television, and cloud computing.
4.5G
4.5G provides
better performance than 4G systems, as an interim step towards
deployment of full 5G capability.[2] The
technology includes:
·
MIMO
5G
5G denotes the next major phase of mobile
telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G/IMT-Advanced standards.
·
Data
rates of several tens of Mb/s should be supported for tens of thousands of
users.
·
1
Gbit/s to be offered, simultaneously to tens of workers on the same office
floor.
·
Several
hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections to be supported for massive
sensor deployments.
·
Spectral
efficiency should be significantly enhanced compared to 4G.
·
Coverage
should be improved.
·
Signalling
efficiency enhanced.
·
Latency
should be significantly reduced compared to LTE.
Next
Generation Mobile Networks Alliance feel that 5G should be rolled out by
2020 to meet business and consumer demands.[4] In
addition to simply providing faster speeds, they predict that 5G networks will
also need to meet the needs of new use-cases such as the Internet of Things as well as broadcast-like services and
lifeline communications in times of disaster.
